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Nanotechnology as a strategy for plastics in a circular economy

Nanotechnology as a strategy for plastics in a circular economy

In a world increasingly conscious of environmental impact, industries that rely heavily on plastic materials face significant challenges. Plastics can be found in everything from packaging to consumer electronics. However, the environmental consequences of plastic waste are driving the sector towards a much-needed transformation. The European strategy for plastics in a circular economy embraces an ambitious approach to enhance the recyclability of plastic packaging and provides a strong response to the issue of microplastics, a major contributor to marine pollution. The current design, production, use, and disposal of plastics have harmful effects on our society, economy, and environment. Supported by the EU, projects such as FlexFunction2Sustain and Convert2Green are creating a sustainable open innovation ecosystem. This ecosystem helps small industries bring innovative products to market faster, with a focus on new polymer formulations, such as bio-based and biodegradable plastics. INL researcher Victor Souza explains that their lab is developing “sustainable, smart products that can drastically reduce the environmental footprint of industries that rely on plastics.” The goal is to make these materials both high-performing and eco-friendly. Pastrana’s group is addressing the challenge of plastic waste by developing nano-functionalised flexible plastic and paper materials. Victor explains, “At INL, we are working […]

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Revolutionising micro optics: INL researchers develop open-source software for advanced design and modelling

Revolutionising micro optics: INL researchers develop open-source software for advanced design and modelling

INL researchers, in collaboration with Bosch Car Multimedia and Bosch Security Systems, recently published an article on Computer Physics Communications, where they introduce a new open-source Python software that democratises the design and modelling of micro optical elements and flat optics. Micro optics can replace bulky traditional optics with sleek, micro and nanostructured alternatives, enabling more advanced optical functions. These components, produced with semiconductor microfabrication techniques, require precise binary or multilevel lithography masks to translate computed designs into physical components. However, no existing tool offers a complete solution for designing, simulating, and generating these masks – until now. INL researchers developed an open-source software package to fill this gap, by providing an end-to-end solution that allows users to design, simulate, and generate lithography masks for micro optical elements. João Cunha, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellow at INL, explains “with this new development it is possible to create masks directly from your desired optical functions, and export them as binary or multilevel lithography files (such as GDSII and DXF) compatible with standard microfabrication tools.” “This package addressed the challenge of producing surface relief diffractive optics by discretisation of continuous topographies into mask layers, required for specific micro and nanofabrication approaches, such […]

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Advanced electron microscopy to investigate magnetic layered materials

Advanced electron microscopy to investigate magnetic layered materials

In a recent study published in Nature Communications, INL researchers Loukya Boddapati and Francis Leonard Deepak, along with an international team from Korea, Spain, the U.S., and the U.K., used cutting-edge electron microscopy, including low-temperature Cryo-TEM, to explore the structural phase transitions of CrI₃. CrI₃ is a novel magnetic material which has attracted significant attention for its unique ferromagnetic properties and potential applications in spintronics. The stacking configurations in van der Waals crystals significantly influence several material properties. Previous research has shown that stacking engineering is a powerful method for achieving desired properties through layer-by-layer crystal engineering. Controlling the twist angle between artificially stacked two-dimensional (2D) materials has led to the discovery of unconventional phenomena, ranging from superconductivity to strongly correlated magnetism. This study clarifies the complex relationship between these transitions and the material’s magnetic properties. In this study, cross-sectional TEM analysis was used to identify interlayer stacking disorders in CrI3. According to Francis Leonard Deepak, “the study provides evidence of twisted stacking faults in CrI₃ and reveals changes in the relative population of twisted domains, without the anticipated transition to the rhombohedral phase at low temperatures”. “These findings underscore the importance of understanding layer-dependent stacking order and magnetic properties […]

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Researchers achieve quantum breakthrough with novel quantum-to-quantum Bernoulli factory design

Researchers achieve quantum breakthrough with novel quantum-to-quantum Bernoulli factory design

Unlike classical computers, which use bits to process information as either 0s or 1s, quantum computers use quantum bits, also known as qubits, which can represent and process both 0 and 1 simultaneously thanks to a quantum property called superposition. This fundamental difference gives quantum computers the potential to solve some complex problems much more efficiently than classical computers. INL researcher Ernesto Galvão, in collaboration with Sapienza Università di Roma (Rome) and Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (Milan), recently published a groundbreaking study in the journal Science Advances, where they describe a new set-up for a quantum-to-quantum Bernoulli factory. A Bernoulli factory is a method to manipulate randomness, using as inputs random coin flips with a certain probability distribution, and outputting coin flips with a different, desired distribution. Let us imagine we have a coin that lands on heads with some unknown probability. Now, we want to create a new coin that lands on heads with a different probability, possibly described by a function of the initial probability. The Bernoulli factory is an ingenious way to flip our original coin multiple times and use the different outcomes to simulate the new coin with the desired probability. Ernesto Galvão adds “This […]

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Instruct Hands-on Workshop on Sample Preparation for Single Particle Analysis by Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Instruct Hands-on Workshop on Sample Preparation for Single Particle Analysis by Cryo-Electron Microscopy

The Instruct Hands-on Workshop, held from October 7 to 10, 2024, is set to provide in-depth training on sample preparation for single particle analysis (SPA) by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The workshop, hosted by a team of experts from ITQB NOVA, INL, and CNB–CSIC, aims to equip participants with best practices and the latest techniques in cryo-EM imaging. Participants will engage in a comprehensive course featuring a blend of lectures and hands-on tutorials. The lectures will delve into the principles of SPA, covering theoretical and practical aspects of preparing biological samples for negative staining and quality assessment. Practical sessions will offer hands-on experience with vitrification using a plunge-freezing device and optimising grids for sample screening with a cryo-transmission electron microscope (TEM). Attendees are encouraged to bring their samples, providing a unique opportunity to apply newly acquired skills to their specific research needs. The workshop will highlight recent advancements in protein production and stabilisation, as well as the latest technological innovations in grid preparation and sample manipulation. This integrative approach will be crucial for addressing challenging scientific projects. The workshop aims to provide participants with a holistic understanding of the integrated use of biophysics, biochemistry, and cryo-EM for protein structure determination and […]

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Filipa Lebre: Exploring the Frontier of Nanosafety

Filipa Lebre: Exploring the Frontier of Nanosafety

Filipa Lebre is a Research Fellow in the Nanosafety Research Group at INL, and her research focuses on the complex interactions among the immunological system and different organs, using novel technologies and in-house developed systems. Filipa has a background in Pharmaceutical Sciences and holds a PhD in Pharmaceutical Technology from the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, focused on the development and optimization of a polymeric nasal vaccine against hepatitis B to be used for mass immunization. She moved to Ireland during her postdoc to conduct her research at the interface between biomaterial and immunology, studying key aspects of immunomodulation by a relevant spectrum of materials with applicability in the regenerative medicine field. Could you share with us your professional trajectory and what inspired you to embark on a career in nanosafety? I’m very curious by nature and always had this passion and interest in science. When I did my degree in Pharmaceutical Science, I was fortunate enough to find a teacher who was working in the vaccine field and made me realize how I could use my passion to impact millions of lives. That was when I started to work with nanoformulations. I obtained my PhD in formulation development, […]

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Can we cut the energy consumption of current AI technologies?

Can we cut the energy consumption of current AI technologies?

As artificial intelligence, commonly referred to as AI, becomes increasingly integrated into various aspects of our daily lives, the energy demands of AI systems continue to rise. Despite AI being inspired by the human brain, it is significantly less energy efficient because most tasks are implemented on computer hardware that is not specifically tailored for this purpose. The human brain remains an exemplar of energy-efficient computation, a standard that modern technology strives to replicate. INL researchers are studying advanced materials and devices aimed at revolutionising AI systems. Carlos Rosário, ERA fellow at INL (Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions (MSCA)), focuses his research on reducing the substantial energy consumption required by current AI technologies. Carlos’ work is grounded in the field of neuromorphic computing, which seeks to mimic the brain’s intricate network of neurons and synapses using artificial equivalents. The goal is to create an electronic brain capable of performing complex computations with minimal energy use. One of the key areas of Carlos Rosário’s research is the exploration of 3D topological insulators for novel electronic devices. These cutting-edge materials exhibit unique properties: while they are insulators and do not conduct electricity through their bulk, their surfaces behave like metals, allowing for efficient electrical […]

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Breakthrough technology for cancer diagnostics

Breakthrough technology for cancer diagnostics

INL researchers are part of the consortium behind BIOCELLPHE, a pioneering project focused on advancing cancer diagnostics and personalised medicine. This innovative European-funded project is at the forefront of scientific and technological innovation, introducing a groundbreaking technology for identifying proteins as diagnostic biomarkers at the single-cell level. This new approach offers multiplexing capabilities, portability and enhanced sensitivity. Alexandra Teixeira, research fellow at the Medical Devices group, highlights that “BIOCELLPHE is pioneering the use of engineered bacteria to recognise and bind with high specificity to protein targets on the surface of circulating tumour cells, or CTCs, which are key players in cancer metastasis.” This specific binding of engineered bacteria to CTCs subsequently triggers the production of molecules (Raman reporters), which can be detectable with high sensitivity using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). More specifically, SERS uses plasmonic nanoparticles to enhance Raman signals, allowing ultrasensitive analysis and detection at the single molecule level. The pathological role of CTCs in cancer metastasis is not completely understood due to the lack of effective analytical tools and remains an area that needs further exploration. BIOCELLPHE addresses this gap by developing new tools for the phenotypic identification of CTCs at the single-cell level, with high-throughput and multiplexing […]

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A miniaturised model of human digestion to advance therapies and nutritional products

A miniaturised model of human digestion to advance therapies and nutritional products

INL researchers have made a significant breakthrough in the development of reliable in-vitro digestion models. This ‘digestion-chip’ promises to revolutionise the way new oral formulations are tested, offering a more accurate, efficient, and cost-effective alternative to current models. Traditional in-vitro digestion models often fail to replicate the complex dynamics of the human gastrointestinal tract. They either lack critical digestive processes or require large volumes of samples and reagents, which can be challenging when dealing with nanomaterials. The INL’s innovative ‘digestion-chip’ addresses these limitations with its miniaturised design and advanced features. The coordinator of the study Catarina Gonçalves explains, “the Food Processing and Nutrition research group proposes a miniaturised digestion system based on incubation chambers integrated into a polymethylmethacrylate device. This solution incorporates key dynamic features of human digestion while maintaining low complexity and using small volumes of samples and reagents”. The digestion-chip features gradual acidification (the stepwise addition of enzymes and simulated fluids during the gastric phase) and controlled gastric emptying. These capabilities are essential for replicating the intricate environment of the human stomach and intestines. The research team’s experimental results indicate that “the ‘digestion-chip’ successfully replicates the established static digestion INFOGEST protocol”. Moreover, “the semi-dynamic digestion kinetics observed with […]

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